Survival benefit with high-intensity chemotherapy followed by second allo-SCT or DLI in AML relapse after allo-SCT

Key clinical point: Among patients with relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) following allogeneic stem cell transplant (allo-SCT), high-intensity chemotherapy followed by cell therapy (CT), such as second allo-SCT or donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI), led to improved survival vs other treatment options.

Major finding: Overall survival at 1 year was significantly higher in patients receiving high-intensity chemotherapy prior to CT (52.9%) vs high-intensity chemotherapy alone (10%), low-intensity chemotherapy alone (5%), and low-intensity chemotherapy followed by CT (23.1%; P <  .001).

Study details: Findings are from a retrospective analysis of 69 patients with AML who relapsed following allo-SCT between January 2014 and August 2019 (n=172). Relapsed patients received either second allo-SCT (n=4), DLI (n=26), chemotherapy alone (n=31), or no treatment (n=8).

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Disclosures: No specific source of funding was identified. The authors declared no conflict of interests.

Source: Shah N et al. Ann Hematol. 2021 Jul 29. doi: 10.1007/s00277-021-04616-7.