Negative symptoms
Current Psychiatry. 2011 November;10(11):53-53
November 1, 2011|Psychiatry
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I read and enjoyed Dr. Nasrallah’s excellent summary of schizophrenia symptoms in “The primary and secondary symptoms of schizophrenia: Current and future management” (Current Psychiatry, supplement to September 2011, p. S5-S9).
I have a suggestion to add to the list of secondary negative symptoms based only on my observations: demoralization caused by repeated failures in all dimensions—self, interpersonal, social, and industrial. I have seen demoralization in schizophrenia patients manifest as low self-esteem, hopelessness, apathy, and self reproach.
Robert A. Williams, MD
Biological Psychiatry Institute, Ltd.
Phoenix, AZ